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- SECTION I
-
- ORDER OF PRIORITY
-
- IN AN EMERGENCY
-
-
-
- In EVERY emergency situation, there is a logical
- order to be followed. First, it is important to
- carefully assess the scene of an emergency BEFORE
- any further steps are taken. The purpose of this
- assessment is to assure it is safe to provide
- first aid care. For example, an unconscious victim
- might be lying on a live power line. If a rescuer
- were to touch the victim before the power could be
- shut off, the rescuer would become a victim as
- well! Always besure it is safe before you attempt
- to help a victim!
-
- Once you determine it is safe for you to help a
- victim, you should immediately determine if the
- victim is threatened by life threatening conditions.
-
-
- Begin by checking to see if the victim is
- responsive. If the victim is prone, kneel and ask,
- " ARE YOU OK?" If there is no response, you must
- immediately do a PRIMARY SURVEY which is
- intended to identify life-threatening conditions!
-
- First, if there are bystanders on the scene, summon
- someone to your side to provide assistance.
-
- If the victim is on his stomach, first place the
- victim's arm closest to you above his head. Then
- turn him over by placing one hand on the victim's
- hip and the other hand at the victim's shoulder.
- Turn the body in a smooth, even straight line so as
- to not cause further injury in the event of
- existing spinal cord injury.
-
- With the victim now on his back, OPEN THE VICTIM'S
- AIRWAY by placing the heel of your hand on the
- victim's forehead and the tips of your fingers under
- the bony part of the jaw.
-
- Push down on the forehead while lifting up the chin
- until the jaw is pointing straight up. Now place
- your ear over the victim's mouth and LOOK, LISTEN &
- FEEL for breathing for 3 to 5 seconds. LOOK at the
- chest to see if it is rising, LISTEN for sounds of
- breathing and FEEL for air coming from the victim.
-
- IF THE VICTIM IS NOT BREATHING, RESCUE BREATHING IS
- REQUIRED IMMEDIATELY!
-
- IMPORTANT
-
- WHILE THIS TUTORIAL IDENTIFIES LIFE THREATENING
- CONDITIONS REQUIRING RESCUE BREATHING OR CPR,
- THESE SKILLS REQUIRE INTENSIVE CLASSROOM SKILL
- DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE AND CANNOT BE
- EFFECTIVELY PRESENTED OR TAUGHT IN THIS
- TUTORIAL. THE AUTHOR STRONGLY ENCOURAGES
- EVERYONE TO ENROLL IN A CPR COURSE
-
-
-
- Rescue breathing will provide vital oxygen to
- a victim who cannot breath on their own. After
- giving a victim two breaths, the pulse is
- checked at the Carotid Artery to
- ascertain if the victim has a heartbeat. This
- artery is located on the side of the neck and
- is located by first positioning the fingers on
- the victim's Adam's Apple, then sliding the
- fingers down into the soft groove on the
- side of the neck. The pulse is checked for 5 to
- 10 seconds.
-
- If the victim has a heartbeat, but is not
- breathing, RESCUE BREATHING is required. If the
- victim is NOT breathing AND does not have a
- HEARTBEAT, CPR is required without delay!
-
- These initial steps of checking the AIRWAY,
- BREATHING and CIRCULATION (pulse), together
- with a check for major BLEEDING, constitute THE
- PRIMARY SURVEY, which looks for
- life-threatening conditions!
-
- AFTER the PRIMARY SURVEY is completed, and life
- threatening conditions identified, a bystander
- should be dispatched to call EMERGENCY MEDICAL
- SERVICES (911 or other emergency number in your
- community) while a suitably-trained rescuer
- begins appropriate emergency treatment!
-
- In every instance where first aid is to be
- provided, it is important to always ask a
- conscious victim for permission to help them.
- If a victim is unconscious, it is presumed they
- have provided consent for you to assist
- them.
-
- ***